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One ID Card, One Retirement

CET-4

China will start reviewing retirement records about a year early, and workers will need only one ID card to finish the process.

语速点单词查词 · 点 ▶ 听句子

One ID Card, One Retirement

Retiring used to be a race against the clock. In China, workers only started the paperwork when they reached the retirement age, and that was often when the trouble began. A missing page in a personal file, a payment record that did not match, or years of social insurance paid in another province could all delay the first monthly pension.

That is about to change. On October 10, at a press conference in Beijing, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security announced that it will roll out a pre-retirement service across the country. The idea is simple: instead of waiting, government offices will now look at a worker’s records about one year before retirement, and give help early.

Civil servants will check three things first. They will read the personal file to confirm the date of birth, the years of work and the years treated as paid. They will contact people whose insurance was paid in more than one city and help them move all the records to the final place. They will also warn workers about missing materials, so that everything can be fixed while there is still time.

For the public, the biggest change is what they will need to bring: one ID card. A single service window and a shared online system will handle the rest, and many steps can be finished on a phone. Workers with employers will normally be helped by their company, while those who work for themselves can use a hotline or a local office.

The timing matters. China is going through its largest wave of retirements, with more than twenty million people leaving their jobs every year. Rules have also become more complex, and many workers are no longer sure exactly when they can retire. A service that starts early takes the worry out of the last year of a working life — and that may be the kindest part of the plan.

Words to know:

长难句拆解 · 并列主语从句与插入结构

第一句：A missing page in a personal file, a payment record that did not match, or years of social insurance paid in another province could all delay the first monthly pension. 这句话的主语非常长，是三个名词短语用 or 并列：A missing page in a personal file（档案里缺一页）、a payment record that did not match（对不上的缴费记录）、years of social insurance paid in another province（在外省缴的社保年限）。其中 that did not match 是定语从句修饰 record，paid in another province 是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 years。谓语是 could all delay，宾语是 the first monthly pension。读长句先砍掉定语，只留主干的三个并列主语。 直译：档案里缺一页、一条对不上的缴费记录，或者在外省缴的社保年限，都可能拖慢第一笔按月发放的养老金。

第二句：A service that starts early takes the worry out of the last year of a working life — and that may be the kindest part of the plan. 前半句主干是 A service takes the worry out of…，其中 that starts early 是定语从句修饰 service，take the worry out of something 是固定表达，意为「消除某事带来的担忧」。破折号后的 and that may be… 是并列分句，that 指代前面整件事，用来给全句下一个评价。英语写作里常用这种「先陈述事实，再用 that 作评价」的收尾方式。 直译：一项提早开始的服务，能让人在工作生涯的最后一年少些担忧——而这也许是这项方案中最体贴的部分。

同义替换 · 雅思阅读利器

雅思阅读的题干很少照抄原文，它更喜欢把同一个意思换一种说法。下面这些替换在本题材里很常见，先自己盖住右边，试着回忆。

  • race against the clock → a rush to meet a deadline（争分夺秒的替换表达）
  • roll out a service → introduce a service across the country（推行的两种说法）
  • about one year before retirement → roughly twelve months ahead（时间点的改写）
  • move all the records to the final place → gather the records together（归集社保关系的释义）
  • fix the problem while there is still time → solve it early enough（趁早解决的替换）
  • handle the rest → take care of everything else（处理其余事项的同义替换）
  • takes the worry out of → makes people feel less anxious about（消除担忧的改写）
阅读自测 · 3 题
  1. 判断正误：Under the new plan, workers no longer need to hand in a personal file at all.
  2. 简答：What is the biggest change for the public when they apply for retirement?
  3. 选词填空：Workers can call a ____ if they do not want to visit an office. (A. hotline B. window C. file)
参考答案与解析
  1. False（错误）。原文说 Civil servants will read the personal file to confirm the date of birth, the years of work and the years treated as paid，档案仍然是审核的核心依据；新变化是提前审、提前提醒，而不是不用档案。题干用 no longer need… at all 把「提前处理」偷换成了「完全不需要」，属典型的「偷换结论」干扰套路。
  2. They will need to bring only one ID card.（他们只需带一张身份证。）原文直接给出 the biggest change is what they will need to bring: one ID card，答案紧跟冒号之后，定位关键词 biggest change 即可。
  3. A. hotline。原文为 those who work for themselves can use a hotline or a local office。B 的 window 指办事窗口、C 的 file 指档案，两者都是文中原词，但都不能与 call（打电话）搭配，属「偷换对象」的干扰项。
中文译文

过去办理退休，就像在跟时间赛跑。在中国，职工往往要到了退休年龄才开始准备材料，而麻烦通常也从那时开始。档案里少一页、一条对不上的缴费记录，或者在外省缴的社保年限，都可能拖慢第一笔按月发放的养老金。

这种情况即将改变。10 月 10 日，人力资源和社会保障部在北京的一场新闻发布会上宣布，将在全国全面推行「退休预服务」。思路很简单：不再等到最后，而是由经办机构在职工退休前大约一年就去查看其记录，提前给出帮助。

经办人员会先核对三件事。他们会查档案，确认出生时间、工作年限以及视同缴费年限；会主动联系那些在多个城市缴过社保的人，帮他们把记录全部归集到最后办理退休的地方；还会提醒职工哪些材料缺失，好在时间尚有余裕时把一切补齐。

对公众来说，最大的变化是办理时需要带的东西：一张身份证。一个综合服务窗口和一套共享的线上系统会处理其余事项，许多环节都可以在手机上完成。有单位的职工通常由公司协助办理，而灵活就业人员可以拨打热线或前往当地经办机构。

时间点的选择很关键。中国正在经历规模最大的退休潮，每年有超过两千万人离开工作岗位；与此同时，规则也变得更复杂，许多职工已不再确定自己究竟哪年哪月能退休。一项提早开始的服务，能让人在工作生涯的最后一年少些担忧——而这也许是这项方案中最体贴的部分。